宝宝发烧手热但是脚凉是什么病?
宝宝发烧手脚冰凉这种情况在临床上经常见到,孩子本来发高烧却手足冰冷,待体温逐渐下降后,手脚又慢慢热起来,其实这是一种假冷真热现象,尽管孩子的手脚冰冷,但内脏却处于发热状态,这在3岁以下的婴幼儿中尤为多见。小儿四肢含血量少于内脏,四肢的供血不足,较成年人容易发凉。此外,小儿神经系统的发育尚未完善,负责管理血管舒张、收缩的植物神经易发生紊乱,导致高热初发时四肢末端的小血管处于痉挛性收缩状态而发凉。遗憾的是,不少家长一发现小儿四肢发凉,就误以为孩子受寒怕冷,马上用棉被将孩子紧紧包裹,结果使得小儿的体温得不到及时散发而越升越高,发生高烧、抽筋,给孩子身体康复带来不良影响。遇到孩子手足发凉时,家长可用体温表测量孩子的体温,也可用手摸摸孩子的腋下,或面对面地感觉一下孩子呼出气体的温度;哺乳的妈妈还可以在哺乳时,通过乳头感觉孩子口腔的温热来判断小儿是否发热。
假如小儿手足冰冷,而腋下、额部、口腔等部位灼热,应及时采取退热降温措施,并到医院找出发热的病因。
小孩发烧怎么办?
小孩发烧体温发烧38.5度以下时建议家长选择物理降温的方法为孩子退热药,大于38.5度时,家长才可以给宝宝吃退热药,同时为孩子做物理降温退热。每次服药要间隔4-6小时。但对有高热惊厥史的孩子可适当积极退热。常见的退烧药物有水剂、锭剂、栓剂和针剂。
水剂退烧药较温和,最普遍使用的是含扑热息痛的糖浆,如小儿美林糖浆、小儿百服宁滴剂等。
3个月内婴儿宜用物理方法,3-23个月的宝宝可服用幼儿对乙酰氨基酚滴剂,2-3岁的宝宝可服用儿童对乙酰氨基酚混悬液或咀嚼片,间隔4-6小时服1次。剂量可以根据说明书上的方法按年龄或体重来计算。
栓剂用来塞肛门,由直肠吸收,效果快速,年龄比较小的宝宝一般会拒绝吃退热药药,这时选择退热栓是一个非常方便的选择,但用量宁取少量,密集使用容易退烧过度,体温陡降,或是反覆刺激肛门,造成腹泻。退热栓间隔4-6小时给药1次。
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