睑板腺功能障碍相关科普内容
文章 眼睛干涩、有针刺感、磨眼睛怎么办？
健康百科
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文章 左眼大小眼、遇风遇光酸、天气热就红，需要看医生吗？
癌症防治先锋
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文章 妈妈的干眼症用药不见效，怎么办？
老年健康守护者
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文章 睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）物理疗法
局部物理治疗：包括睑缘清洁、眼局部热敷或冷敷、眼睑按摩。 （1）睑缘清洁：可以使用稀释的婴儿洗发液或沐浴液（无泪配方），但临床更加推荐应用专业的睑缘清洁产品，一般每天1或2次，连续1个月。 （2）眼局部热敷或冷敷：常用的热敷方式包括热毛巾、热水袋、红外线设备及化学发热眼贴等，一般每次持续5~10 min，温度维持在约40℃即可。每天1或2次，连续1个月；改为隔天1次，连续1个月；对于重度患者可延长热敷疗程。热敷时注意不要挤压眼球。眼局部冷敷适用于睑缘炎较重的患者，表现为局部充血、分泌物多、睑缘红肿。常用的方法是用凉毛巾或包有冰块的毛巾冷敷眼睑，温度在10℃左右，一般持续5~10 min。待睑缘炎性反应消退后可改为热敷。 （3）眼睑按摩：可以指导患者自行按摩眼睑，每次3~5 min，每天2次，连续1个月以上。应当在热敷后进行按摩。重度患者或自行按摩效果不佳的患者，可以由医务人员在门诊进行睑板腺按摩，方法包括玻璃棒法、睑板腺垫板法、睑板镊等。需每周进行1次治疗，连续1个月以上。 对于睑缘炎处于活动阶段的患者，不建议行眼睑按摩，待炎性反应消退后再行眼睑按摩。对于萎缩性MGD患者，眼睑物理治疗效果，多不佳，难以恢复睑板腺正常分泌功能，应以局部对症药物治疗为主。 （4）使用各种眼睑按摩仪：睑板腺热脉动治疗系统可直接对眼睑进行热敷和按摩，同时还有强脉冲光系统通过治疗眼睑周围皮肤和皮脂腺，改善睑板腺的分泌功能，缓解睑板腺开口的阻塞，且治疗效果可维持半年以上。此类仪器在我国应用的经验不多，尚需进一步开展临床观察。
主治医师张清勇
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文章 科学热敷眼睛！
热敷眼睛的方法！ 最常见的干眼发生原因，都是因为睑板腺出现问题。睑板腺分泌不良，会造成睑板腺堵塞或萎缩，导致眼表最外面的脂质层减少从而引起干眼。 睑板腺功能障碍这几年被越来越多的认识，而热敷对很多人来说是有效的，通过增加眼周的温度，有可能改善睑板腺油脂的分泌，从而达到缓解眼睛干涩等不适的症状。 但应该怎么热敷呢？我总结了一些简单易操作的热敷方法，有需要的可以收藏： 毛巾热敷 用干净的毛巾，把 40-50℃左右的热水倒在毛巾上面。先用自己的手背试试温度，手背能适应不觉得烫了，才可以放在眼部进行热敷，确保不损伤眼睛。一般重复 3-5 次，大约 10-15 分钟即可。 熏蒸热敷 可以使用日常喝水的杯子，盛 4/5 容量的热水，可以看到蒸腾的热汽。同样，先用手背试一下温度，确定不烫了，就可以利用熏蒸对眼睛进行热敷了。 热敷时要闭合眼睑，每次时间不宜过长，大约 5 分钟左右。 另外，热敷虽然能缓解一些不适症状，但并不能治愈疾病。如果眼睛干涩、视疲劳问题比较严重，还是要找到眼科医生仔细诊断，除了这些适合居家自行调理的方法，医生还有更专业的治疗手段，例如按摩、IPL 激光，对某些类型的干眼症治疗效果很好，作用也更加持久。
副主任医师尚宪慧
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文章 眼睛干涩怎么办？
中老年人为什么更易干眼 1. 慢性炎症 眼睛表面组织的慢性炎症，经常与干眼同时存在，并形成恶性循环。眼表组织里有分泌泪液的腺体和细胞，炎症会使其功能受到影响。 其中，睑板腺功能障碍在中老年人中很常见。由于睑板腺的开口在眼皮边，严重的患者，可以看见那里有一排阻塞的油脂颗粒。睑板腺负责分泌泪液中的油脂层，而泪液中「油」的减少，将使泪液蒸发加快，留存的「水」也相应减少。 2. 分泌功能的减退 随着年龄增长，每天分泌基础泪液的腺体也会「老化」。另外，女性在绝经后激素水平的明显改变，也会导致分泌出来的泪液量不足，并且成分也不同。 3. 其他疾病的影响 中老年人常发生眼表的相关疾病，这些疾病可以改变眼表面的正常结构，导致泪液不能及时或均匀地涂抹在眼睛表面。常见的有：眼睑内外翻、倒睫、结膜松弛症、睑裂斑、翼状胬肉等。 4. 用眼习惯不良 长时间高强度地用眼，比如从早到晚地看电视节目或手机上的股市行情，一刻不停地给孙子赶制毛衣，又或者麻将胡了几十圈还不休息，类似这些活动都需要保持注意力集中，眼睛眨眼减少，很容易加重干眼。 5. 药物滥用 很多中老年人喜欢自己买眼药水滴，不滴就不舒服，甚至一滴就是几个月。殊不知里面的一些抗菌、抗炎成分或者防腐剂，可能已经悄悄伤害了您的眼睛。 而有些眼药水的成分，是不能乱滴的！ 在中老年干眼患者中，以上这些致病因素，往往同时存在，相互影响。 得了干眼怎么办？ 可以先从简单到复杂，一步一步地来解决问题。 1. 先改变习惯 看东西时，每半小时闭目休息一下，保证足够的照明亮度； 多点户外活动，坚持锻炼，增强免疫力； 配副合适的眼镜，感觉看不清楚一定要带上眼镜看，不要勉强用眼； 注意眼部卫生，少去灰尘大、油烟大、卫生环境差的地方，不要手揉或用纸巾擦眼睛； 戒酒戒烟戒熬夜，保持规律并且充足的睡眠； 空气干燥的室内可以使用加湿器。 2. 扔掉可疑的眼药水，适当滴点人工泪液 市面上很多眼药水并不适合长期点用，还有可能会加重病情。如果改善了用眼习惯，症状不好转，可以适当滴点人工泪液。 人工泪液不仅能弥补中老年人泪液量的不足，还能冲洗掉眼表面细胞产生的一些炎症因子，改善症状。 3. 及时就诊，明确诊断 最好还是让医生帮您判断是否干眼，如果是，还有哪些需要处理的因素存在。 睑板腺功能障碍：对这类患者，适当热敷眼睑能使油脂分泌通畅一些；另外，也可在医院进行睑板腺按摩，或者在医生指导下使用棉签进行眼睑清洁工作。平常应尽量少使用眼部彩妆，化妆后要卸干净。由于该病与病菌感染及炎症有密切关系，必要时需使用抗生素及抗炎症治疗。 其他炎症：睑缘炎或结膜炎等。眼球与外界环境长期密切接触，因此，眼表组织的炎症非常常见。这时，同样可能需要配合抗炎症或抗生素等治疗。 可手术治疗的眼表疾病：如果本身就存在其他眼表疾病，需咨询医生意见，看看是否需要手术治疗。手术的目的常常是为了恢复正常的眼表组织结构，并进一步使泪膜的稳定性更好。当然，有时手术后仍然会遗留下眼表面的瘢痕，加上干眼有多种因素的影响，想要仅仅依靠手术是不太可能的，需要配合其他治疗方法。 干眼的治疗是一个非常个性化的过程。也就是说，同样症状的患者，可能有着截然不同的致病因素，治疗的重点也不同。 而中老年患者常有多种因素的影响，务必懂得及时就诊，寻求最适合自己的治疗方案
住院医师曾沣
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文章 睑板腺和眼部哪些常见的疾病有关呢？
下面左图是正常的睑板腺，右图是萎缩的睑板腺。 1.睑板腺分泌的不足会造成 干眼症 ，这是一种很常见的眼疾。 2.也可造成 睑缘炎 ，是眼睑边缘皮肤发炎的现象，会红肿充血，有鳞屑，会掉睫毛，更厉害的会造成睑缘小溃疡，它通常会影响双眼。 3.如果睑板腺开口受到阻塞我们叫睑板腺功能障碍，阻塞物可以被细菌的解脂酵素分解，因而释放脂肪酸，形成泡沫状分泌物。 4.这些脂肪酸可以刺激眼睛，有时可以造成结膜炎或角膜炎。 5.如果皮脂蠕形螨多寄居于眼睑皮肤的皮脂腺和睑板腺，患者感染蠕形螨后多表现为反复发作的睑缘红、眼痒、眼干、眼烧灼感、异物感、畏光及分泌物增多，严重者可伴有反复睫毛脱落，睑板腺开口可见脂栓，睑脂分泌物性状异常。 6.睑板腺口阻塞，细菌感染则会变成睑板腺炎，也就是我们常说的麦粒肿，俗称“偷针眼"，民间传说“偷针眼"是眼孔堵塞需要疏通，其实是睑板腺口阻塞而非泪道堵塞。此孔非彼孔，泪小点上下睑各一个孔，而造成麦粒肿的睑板腺口上睑有40-50个开口，下睑大约有25个开口，任何一个口子堵塞感染都会造成，所以是麦粒肿多发的原因。 7.如果睑板腺排出管道阻塞并有分泌物潴留变成慢性肉芽肿性炎症，这就是我们说的睑板腺囊肿。 8.如果睑板腺阻塞管道内潴留物，向睑结膜面破溃，会形成结膜肉芽肿或息肉，睑结膜表面也容易形成黄白色的结膜结石。
住院医师李双君
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文章 睑板腺到底是个什么东东？在眼睛中很重要吗？
睑板腺是一种在眼皮周围的特殊皮脂腺，也是人体最大的皮脂腺。睑板腺位于眼皮睑板内，与睑缘成垂直排列，并开口于睑缘。其主要的功能为分泌油脂层，用于延缓水液层的蒸发及增加泪液膜的表面张力，并可润滑眼睑及眼球的接触面。上眼皮大约有40-50条睑板腺，而下眼皮大约有25条睑板腺。人类的睑板腺大约会分泌90多种的蛋白质。
住院医师李双君
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文章 拿什么来拯救我们的睑板腺呢？
其中物理治疗非常重要！！！ 那就是 睑板腺按摩四步法：清洁、热敷、按摩、再清洁 。 第一步清洁：指将睑缘处的碎屑清洁干净； 第二步热敷：指用40-50摄氏度热水熏蒸或者热毛巾热敷眼睑5-10分钟。热敷使睑板腺的脂质“融化”，重新具有流动性，就能更好地被挤压出来。 第三步按摩：对上下眼睑进行按摩挤压，将病理性的脂质排出，清除腺管的堵塞，恢复油脂分泌物的正常通道。 第四步再清洁：按摩完成之后，清洁挤出的油脂。
住院医师李双君
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文章 干眼 dry eye disease
眼睛干涩 眼睛干燥等，当眼泪无法稳定保持眼表充分润滑时，就会发生这种情况。 常见原因： 老花 药物 激光眼科手术 干燥空气过多 减少眨眼 长时间使用计算机 隐形眼镜的使用 女性激素变化 治疗 自我治疗：在一些不太严重的情况下可能有帮助： 使用防护眼镜阻挡干燥空气 加湿室内空气 将计算机屏幕置于视线水平以下 避免接触烟雾 使用人工泪液 通过眨眼和闭上眼睛来频繁地锻炼眼睛 富含维生素A食物和不饱和脂肪酸适当补充（肝脏，胡萝卜和西兰花）欧米伽脂肪酸－３， EPA, DHA 如果您发现以下情况，请去看医生： 眼睛发红 眼睛疼痛 阅读困难 如果您发现以下情况，请立即就医： 视力丧失 视力 感染的迹象，如发烧，炎症，液体排出 可用于确定干眼症原因的测试和程序包括：1.全面的眼科检查。眼科检查包括您的整体健康状况和眼睛健康的完整病史，可以帮助您的医生诊断您眼睛干涩的原因；特别是角膜荧光素染色下的泪液破裂时间检查（BUT检查，角膜荧光素是否染色阳性）；2.测量眼泪量的测试。您的医生可能会使用Schirmer试验来测量您的泪液产生。结膜印迹细胞试验...３.泪液渗透压检查 ４.睑板腺相关检查：分布，开头透明度，堵塞等检查和评估等 Diagnosis Tests and procedures that may be used to determine the cause of your dry eyes include: A comprehensive eye exam. An eye exam that includes a complete history of your overall health and your eye health can help your doctor diagnose the cause of your dry eyes. A test to measure the volume of your tears. Your doctor may measure your tear production using the Schirmer test. In this test, blotting strips of paper are placed under your lower eyelids. After five minutes your doctor measures the amount of strip soaked by your tears. Another option for measuring tear volume is the phenol red thread test. In this test, a thread filled with pH-sensitive dye (tears change the dye color) is placed over the lower eyelid, wetted with tears for 15 seconds and then measured for tear volume. A test to determine the quality of your tears. Other tests use special dyes in eyedrops to determine the surface condition of your eyes. Your doctor looks for staining patterns on the corneas and measures how long it takes before your tears evaporate. A tear osmolarity test. This type of test measures the composition of particles and water in your tears. With dry eye disease, there will be less water in your eyes. Tear samples to look for markers of dry eye disease, including elevated matrix metallo proteinase-9 or decreased lactoferrin. More Information Eye exam Treatment Punctal plugsOpen pop-up dialog box For most people with occasional or mild dry eye symptoms, it's enough to regularly use over-the-counter eyedrops (artificial tears). If your symptoms are persistent and more serious, you have other options. What you do depends on what's causing your dry eyes. Some treatments focus on reversing or managing a condition or factor that's causing your dry eyes. Other treatments can improve your tear quality or stop your tears from quickly draining away from your eyes. Treating the underlying cause of dry eyes In some cases, treating an underlying health issue can help clear up the signs and symptoms of dry eyes. For instance, if a medication is causing your dry eyes, your doctor may recommend a different medication that doesn't cause that side effect. If you have an eyelid condition, such as your lids turned outwards (ectropion), your doctor may refer you to an eye surgeon who specializes in plastic surgery of the eyelids (oculoplastic surgeon). Medications Prescription medications used to treat dry eyes include: Drugs to reduce eyelid inflammation. Inflammation along the edge of your eyelids can keep oil glands from secreting oil into your tears. Your doctor may recommend antibiotics to reduce inflammation. Antibiotics for dry eyes are usually taken by mouth, though some are used as eyedrops or ointments. Eyedrops to control cornea inflammation. Inflammation on the surface of your eyes (cornea) may be controlled with prescription eyedrops that contain the immune-suppressing medication cyclosporine (Restasis) or corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are not ideal for long-term use due to possible side effects. Eye inserts that work like artificial tears. If you have moderate to severe dry eye symptoms and artificial tears don't help, another option may be a tiny eye insert that looks like a clear grain of rice. Once a day, you place the hydroxypropyl cellulose (Lacrisert) insert between your lower eyelid and your eyeball. The insert dissolves slowly, releasing a substance that's used in eyedrops to lubricate your eye. Tear-stimulating drugs. Drugs called cholinergics (pilocarpine, cevimeline) help increase tear production. These drugs are available as pills, gel or eyedrops. Possible side effects include sweating. Eyedrops made from your own blood. These are called autologous blood serum drops. They may be an option if you have severe dry eye symptoms that don't respond to any other treatment. To make these eyedrops, a sample of your blood is processed to remove the red blood cells and then mixed with a salt solution. Other procedures Other procedures that may be used to treat dry eyes include: Closing your tear ducts to reduce tear loss. Your doctor may suggest this treatment to keep your tears from leaving your eye too quickly. This can be done by partially or completely closing your tear ducts, which normally serve to drain tears away. Tear ducts can be plugged with tiny silicone plugs (punctal plugs). These are removable. Or tear ducts can be plugged with a procedure that uses heat. This is a more permanent solution called thermal cautery.泪点塞 Using special contact lenses. Ask your doctor about newer contact lenses designed to help people with dry eyes. Some people with severe dry eyes may opt for special contact lenses that protect the surface of the eyes and trap moisture. These are called scleral lenses or bandage lenses.巩膜镜或绑带镜 Unblocking oil glands. Warm compresses or eye masks used daily can help clear up blocked oil glands. A thermal pulsation device is another way to unclog the oil glands, but it is unclear whether this method provides any advantage over warm compresses. Using light therapy and eyelid massage. A technique called intense-pulsed light therapy followed by massage of the eyelids has proved to help people with severe dry eyes. Lifestyle and home remedies You may be able to manage your dry eyes with frequent eyelid washing and use of over-the-counter (OTC) eyedrops or other products that help lubricate your eyes. If your condition is long term (chronic), use eyedrops even when your eyes feel fine to keep them well lubricated. Selecting and using OTC products for dry eyes A variety of nonprescription products for dry eyes are available, including eyedrops (artificial tears), gels and ointments. Talk with your doctor about which might be best for you. Artificial tears may be all you need to control mild dry eye symptoms. Some people need to put drops in several times a day, and some use them only once a day. Consider these factors when selecting an OTC product: Preservative vs. nonpreservative drops. Preservatives are added to some eyedrops to prolong shelf life. You can use eyedrops with preservatives up to four times a day. But using the preservative drops more often can cause eye irritation. Nonpreservative eyedrops come in packages that contain multiple single-use vials. After you use a vial, you throw it away. If you rely on eyedrops more than four times a day, nonpreservative drops are safe. Drops vs. ointments. Lubricating eye ointments coat your eyes, providing longer lasting relief from dry eyes. But these products are thicker than eyedrops and can cloud your vision. For this reason, ointments are best used just before bedtime. Eyedrops can be used at any time and won't interfere with your vision. Drops that reduce redness. It's best to avoid these as your solution for dry eyes, as prolonged use can cause irritation. Washing your eyelids to control inflammation For people with blepharitis and other conditions that cause eyelid inflammation that blocks the flow of oil to the eye, frequent and gentle eyelid washing may help. To wash your eyelids: Apply a warm washcloth to your eyes热敷. Wet a clean cloth with warm water. Hold the cloth over your eyes for five minutes. Rewet the cloth with warm water when it cools. Gently rub the washcloth over your eyelids — including the base of the eyelashes — to loosen any debris. Use a mild soap on your eyelids温和的肥皂. Use baby shampoo or another mild soap. Put the cleanser on your clean fingertips and gently massage your closed eyes near the base of your eyelashes. Rinse completely. More Information Artificial tears人工泪液选择: How to select eyedrops for dry eyes Alternative medicine替代治疗 Further study is needed, but some alternative medicine approaches may help relieve your dry eye symptoms. Discuss the benefits and risks with your doctor. Fatty acids. omega-3脂肪酸口服Adding omega-3 fatty acids to your diet may help relieve dry eye signs and symptoms. These are available as supplements and in foods such as flaxseed, salmon and sardines. Castor oil eyedrops蓖麻油滴眼液. These eyedrops may improve symptoms by reducing tear evaporation. Acupuncture针灸. Some people have seen their dry eye symptoms improve after acupuncture therapy. Preparing for your appointment You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor. He or she may then refer you to an eye specialist (ophthalmologist). Because appointments can be brief, it's a good idea to be well prepared for your appointment. What you can do List any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. List key personal information, including any recent life changes. Make a list of all medications, vitamins and supplements that you're taking. List questions to ask your doctor. For dry eyes, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: What's the most likely cause of my dry eyes? Do I need any tests? Can dry eyes get better on their own? What are my treatment options? What are the potential side effects of each treatment? I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together? Is a generic drug available for the medicine you're prescribing me? Do you have any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend? Do I need to plan for a follow-up visit? Don't hesitate to ask additional questions that may occur to you during your appointment. What to expect from your doctor Your doctor may ask: Can you describe your symptoms? Do you recall when you first began experiencing symptoms? Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional? Do other members of your family have dry eyes? Have you tried over-the-counter eyedrops? Did they provide relief? Are your symptoms worse in the morning or late in the day? What medications do you take? Have you had any radiation to the head or neck? What you can do in the meantime To relieve your signs and symptoms while you wait for your appointment, try over-the-counter eyedrops. Look for lubricating eyedrops (artificial tears) and avoid those that advocate reducing redness in the eyes. Eyedrops that reduce eye redness can cause additional eye irritation. Sept. 24, 2020 Book: Mayo Clinic Guide to Better Vision
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