科普|带状疱疹科普——“生蛇”的痛你懂吗?痛痛痛!
“生蛇”到底是个什么怪病,让人疼痛难忍,日夜难安?
一、“生蛇”?原来是带状疱疹带状疱疹俗称“生蛇”“蛇缠腰”,它和水痘是“同胞兄弟”,都是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染引起的疾病,通常伴发水疱,发疹前可有乏力、低热、纳差等全身症状,局部出现瘙痒、灼热、神经痛等,亦可无前驱症状即发疹。 这种皮肤病就是带状疱疹。
二、带状疱疹有哪些表现初次感染可引起水痘,当身体免疫力低下时,潜伏在背根神经节或颅神经节的“水痘-带状疱疹病毒”可再激活引起带状疱疹,临床表现为成群的簇状水疱,沿单侧周围神经呈带状分布。99.5%的50岁及以上成人都感染过“水痘-带状疱疹病毒”,而这种病毒一经感染,就会终生携带。
典型症状除了身体单侧会出现成群的水疱,令人饱受皮疹之苦,还会导致灼烧、电击,刀刺般疼痛,急性期疼痛可能更甚于分娩阵痛、脊椎损伤、类风湿关节炎,慢性癌痛等。不论年龄、性别、部位,带状疱疹患者的共同感受就是疼痛难忍,疼痛程度已经严重影响到睡眠和生活质量。带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)为带状疱疹最常见的并发症,30%至50%的带状疱疹后遗神经痛持续超过1年。
三、带状疱疹的发病人群因为带状疱疹是由“水痘-带状疱疹病毒”引起的,当水痘治好后,残留的病毒为了躲避免疫系统。悄咪咪躲进了你的感觉神经节里,一潜伏可能就是十几年,看似相安无事,其实病毒抑制在找机会。从临床患者数量来看,带状疱疹常发生于50岁以上的中老年人。但这个疾病没有年龄限制,身体免疫力低下的成人均为好发人群,例如过度劳累、熬夜以及长期精神紧张、压力大、久病体虚者等。
四、带状疱疹的治疗手段带状疱疹的治疗目标包括促进皮损消退,缓解疼痛,改善患者生活质量。
01抗病毒药物:是临床治疗带状疱疹的常用药物,能有效缩短病程,加速皮疹愈合,减少新发皮疹,阻断病毒播散。
02镇痛治疗:疼痛常贯穿带状疱疹疾病的全过程,建议对不同程度的疼痛选用不同的镇痛药物。对于严重疼痛以及药物治疗无效的患者,可尝试神经阻滞、脉冲射频治疗、神经电刺激等微创介入治疗。
03其他:糖皮质激素疗法、中医治疗、针灸治疗、局部物理治疗、局部外用药物治疗等均可酌情考虑。
04患病后及早就医及治疗,坚持正确的药物剂量和疗程,保持皮损清洁,避免继发细菌感染,适当休息,保证足够营养也不可忽视。
05多病共存的综合治疗:带状疱疹患者多同时并发有糖尿病、高血压等多种疾病,要同时控制好血压、血糖,治疗共存的基础病。
五、带状疱疹的预防提高免疫力提高免疫力、增强体质是预防带状疱疹的关键。
建议易感人群可从保证饮食均衡、适度运动锻炼、积极调整心态、保证充足睡眠等方面提高免疫力。
接种疫苗
接种疫苗是预防带状疱疹的有效方式。目前我国上市的重组带状疱疹疫苗,接种人群为50岁及以上人群,接种后保护效力高达90%以上,模型数据预测保护时长至少20年。
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著名演员朱时茂:带状疱疹是最疼的一种病!
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缠腰火龙缠一圈真的会要人命吗?
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身体若出现这3个信息,女性就要注意了
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这个天价救命药,也是胃肠间质瘤的孤儿药
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带状疱疹严重了会怎样
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头皮带状疱疹怎么引起的
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疱疹会自己好吗
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隐形疱疹有哪些症状
带状疱疹 患友问诊
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