一年感冒12次正常吗?
民间流传不少关于儿童免疫力的错误认识,例如,小朋友一年感冒超过5次,代表免疫力不佳?多吃感冒药会削弱免疫力?
医生指出,这些都是错误观念,儿童如一年内有2次以上反复性的严重细菌感染,才需怀疑有免疫力问题,需就医检查。
●免疫力不佳 先天因素居多
2岁的妮妮曾高烧不退超过10天,原以为是一般感冒,经检查发现,患的是一种罕见先天性免疫不全疾病─高免疫球蛋白M高,身体缺乏正常转换抗体的能力,容易受到感染,需终生打免疫球蛋白存活。
儿童的免疫力不全,可区分为先天性与后天性,其中以先天性居多,后天的免疫力不全,可能是孩子患有脑瘤、白血病等疾病影响所致。
●儿童平均一年感冒5-8次属正常现象
有些父母会误以为,小朋友一年感冒超过5次,代表身体虚弱、免疫力不佳,其实是错误认知。相关研究统计,儿童感冒平均次数一年5到8次,国外数据更显示,甚至有一年超过12次的平均数,皆属正常状况。
孩子之所以经常感冒,是因小宝宝在6到9个月大时,还有母亲经由胎盘给予的抗体保护,较不容易生病,等到抗体逐渐消失,孩子也上学之后,长时间处在集体生活中,当班级里有一名孩子生病,其他孩子也容易因接触被感染。
不过,虽然会引起感冒的病毒超过100种,例如,腺病毒、冠状病毒、轮状病毒、肠病毒等,孩子在每次生病痊愈后,都会产生对此种病毒的终生抗体,一般在4、5岁之后,已患过多数病毒,未来较不常经会生病。
●吃感冒药不影响免疫力,一年内逾2次严重感染才须当心
此外,针对吃太多感冒药会削弱免疫力的说法,若仅是一般缓解咳嗽、流鼻水等症状的药物,并不会影响免疫力,除非感冒合并鼻窦炎、中耳炎、肺炎、泌尿道感染时,医生才会开抗生素治疗,当动用到比较后线的抗生素,容易促使细菌突变,产生抗药性。
一般来说,感冒病程约持续一周,初期发烧3到5天,之后会有咳嗽、鼻涕转为浓黄等情形,最长也会在两周内改善,但如一年内出现超过两次的反复性严重细菌感染,例如,脑膜炎、菌血症、皮肤起脓疡等,需怀疑免疫力有问题。
摄取五色蔬果、多喝水、少吃甜食,或可补充复合维生素,乳铁蛋白、蜂胶、锌等营养素,经医学证实可提升免疫力;日常生活勤洗手、戴口罩、少摸口鼻眼,每周进行至少3次、每次30分钟的运动,例如,羽球、游泳、快走等,有助提升免疫力。
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