肝病患者养生原则:营养均衡
作者 | 杨明博
文章首发于 | 肝博士杨明博大夫微博
中医经典《黄帝内经》说过:“五谷为养,五果为助,五畜为益,五菜为充,气味合则服之,以补精益气。”
“五谷为养”之“五谷”,是泛指米、谷,麦、豆等粮食,主要是碳水化合物,能养五脏之气;
“五果为助”之“五果”,是泛指菜果、梨、香蕉、桃等鲜果干果,富含维生素、微量元素,有利促进人体消化,调节体内酸碱平衡,起辅佐协助作用;
“五畜为益”之“五畜”是泛指猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鱼等,含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质、无机盐、微量元素、维生素,可促进人体生长发育,补充植物蛋白的不足。
“五菜为充”之“五菜”是泛指叶菜类、根茎类、茄果类、菌类等多种蔬菜,含布大量维生素、矿物质,是科学饮食的重要补充。
营养均衡
是指各种食物如五谷杂粮、禽肉果蔬等应当全面摄入,不挑食,不偏食,以达到食物营养的均衡。《素问·五常政大论》也记载了“谷肉果菜,食养尽之”的平衡膳食模式。
五谷上面已经论及,其他如禽肉、水果、干果、蔬菜等对保证人体的健康也具有不可缺少的辅助和补充作用,五谷与禽肉果蔬等搭配得当,可以使人体气、血、津、精等营养物质充足,阴阳平衡,身体健康。
食物应怎样搭配才算得上全面、均衡呢?
我国2016年膳食指南针对2岁以上的所有健康人群提出6条核心推荐:食物多样,谷类为主;吃动平衡,健康体重;多吃蔬果、奶类、大豆;适量吃鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉;少盐少油,控糖限酒;杜绝浪费,兴新食尚。
当然这个针对的是普通人群。
那么肝病患者怎么搭配呢?
建议对于非肥胖患者,推荐的每日最佳能量摄入量应不低于35kcal/kg。
每日最佳蛋白质摄入量应不低于1.2-1.5g/kg。
对于肥胖患者实施营养与生活方式干预方案,以实现减重(5%-10%)。
肥胖患者,采用量身定制的中等低热量饮食,包括足够的蛋白质摄入量(>1.5g/kg)的饮食计划来帮助患者减重。
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