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[前列腺癌]达洛鲁胺治疗非转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌
达洛鲁胺治疗非转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌 Darolutamide for Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer 2020 年 9 月 10 日 朗读者: Dr. Stephen Morrissey, NEJM 执行主编 非转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者有进展为转移性前列腺癌的风险,而转移性前列腺癌常会伴发与癌症相关的症状。在尽可能减少与治疗相关的不良事件的同时延长患者生存期,延缓症状发生时间是关键治疗目标。短视频中总结了新的研究发现。 NEJM 医学前沿 达洛鲁胺治疗非转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌 小程序 非转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者接受达洛鲁胺治疗后的生存期 Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Survival with Darolutamide 摘 要 背景 Darolutamide is a structurally distinct androgen-receptor inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the planned primary analysis of a phase 3 trial, the median metastasis-free survival was significantly longer with darolutamide (40.4 months ) than with placebo (18.4 months ). The data for the analysis of overall survival were immature at the time of the primary analysis. 方法 In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 1509 men, in a 2: 1 ratio, to receive darolutamide (955 patients ) or placebo (554 patients ) while they continued to receive androgen-deprivation therapy. After the results of the primary end-point analysis were found to be positive, unblinding of the treatment assignments occurred, and patients in the placebo group were permitted to cross over to receive open-label darolutamide treatment. At the time of this prespecified final analysis, which had been planned to be performed after approximately 240 deaths had occurred, overall survival and all other secondary end points were evaluated. 结果 The median follow-up time was 29.0 months. At the time of unblinding of the data, all 170 patients who were still receiving placebo crossed over to receive darolutamide; 137 patients who had discontinued placebo before unblinding had occurred received at least one other life-prolonging therapy. Overall survival at 3 years was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80 to 86 ) in the darolutamide group and 77% (95% CI, 72 to 81 ) in the placebo group. The risk of death was significantly lower, by 31%, in the darolutamide group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.88; P=0.003 ). Darolutamide was also associated with a significant benefit with respect to all other secondary end points, including the time to first symptomatic skeletal event and the time to first use of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The incidence of adverse events after the start of treatment was similar in the two groups; no new safety signals were observed. 结论 Among men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, the percentage of patients who were alive at 3 years was significantly higher among those who received darolutamide than among those who received placebo. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. (Funded by Bayer HealthCare and Orion Pharma; ARAMIS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02200614.) Karim Fizazi, Neal Shore, Teuvo L. Tammela, et al. Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Survival with Darolutamide. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001342
戴文斌
副主任医师
华东医院
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[前列腺癌]局限性前列腺癌治疗进展
局限性前列腺癌治疗 [3-文献标题及链接:Cancer and Leukemia Group B 90203 (Alliance): Radical Prostatectomy With or Without Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy in Localized, High-Risk Prostate Cancer.癌症和白血病 B 组 90203(联盟): 局部高危前列腺癌的根治性前列腺切除术联合或不联合新辅助化疗激素治疗] J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jul 24: JCO2000315. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00315. 【目的】单纯根治性前列腺切除术(radical prostatectomy, RP)通常不足以治疗临床局部高危前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PC)。研究者假设,与单纯 RP 相比,在 RP 前进行化疗激素治疗(chemohormonal therapy, CHT),即雄激素剥夺疗法(androgen-deprivation therapy, ADT)+多西他赛,可改善生化无进展生存期(biochemical progression-free survival, BPFS)。 【方法】本研究将临床局部高危 PC 患者分为两组:单纯 RP 组,或新辅助 CHT [ADT+多西他赛(75 mg/m2,每 3 周一次,共 6 个疗程)]+RP 组。主要终点为 3 年 BPFS。生化失败定义为血清前列腺特异性抗原>0.2ng/mL,连续升高 2 次且间隔至少 3 个月。次要终点包括 5 年 BPFS、总 BPFS、局部复发、无转移生存期(metastasis-free survival, MFS)、PC 特异性死亡率和总生存期(overall survival, OS)。 【结果】共有 788 例患者进行随机分配。中位随访时间为 6.1 年。化疗期间 3 级和 4 级不良事件的总发生率分别为 26% 和 19%。新辅助 CHT+RP 组与单纯 RP 组的 3 年 BPFS 无显著差异(分别为 0.89 和 0.84;差异的 95%CI,-0.01-0.11;P = 0.11)。与单纯 RP 组相比,新辅助 CHT 组改善了总 BPFS(HR,0.69;95% CI,0.48 - 0.99)、MFS(HR,0.70;95% CI,0.51-0.95)和 OS(HR,0.61;95% CI,0.40-0.94)。 【结论】主要研究终点 3 年 BPFS 未达到。尽管次要终点有所改善,但需权衡潜在获益与毒性。当前数据不支持将新辅助 CHT+RP 作为临床局部高危前列腺癌的常规疗法。
戴文斌
副主任医师
华东医院
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