乳糖酶基因解读
MCM6(minichromosome maintenance deficient 6,微染色体维持缺陷6)该基因负责编码乳糖酶,并含有两个乳糖酶的调控区域,这2个区域位于MCM6内含子,rs182549和rs4988235的上游,大约14 kb(13910个碱基对)和22个kb (22018个碱基对)。体外实验已经证明,这2个区域可激活乳糖酶复制的启动子。这2个区域的基因突变和乳糖耐受不良是具体高度相关性的。[1]
rs4988235 的等位基因(C, C)常为乳糖不耐症。需要注意的是,虽然乳糖不耐症通常见于rs4988235 (C, C),但实际上,乳糖酶酶活性根据rs4988235基因型有三种表现,其中C/C的乳糖酶活性最低,T/C属于杂合中间形态,T/T活性最高。因此部分杂合子有时也会表现出乳糖不耐受的症状。[2]
rs182549的等位基因如为(C,C)基因型则为乳糖代谢能力弱的类型,(C,T)为中间型,(T,T)为乳糖活性最高形式。[3]
参考文献
[1]Genetic Signatures of Strong Recent Positive Selection at the Lactase Gene.[J]. American Journal of Human Genetics, 2004.
[2]Functional significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lactase gene in diverse US patients and evidence for a novel lactase persistence allele at -13909 in those of European ancestry[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2015, 60(2):182-191.
[3] Enattah N S , Sahi T , Savilahti E , et al. Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia.[J]. Nature Genetics, 2002, 30(2):233-237.